Generally, the length of ciphertexts and encryption keys are usually longer than that of the plaintexts.In this study, an optical image compression method based on Fresnel diffraction and discrete wavelet transform is proposed.The Fresnel diffraction is used for acquiring more low-frequency information.The proposed method is a plaintext pre-process
Temperature is a crucial factor that can influence chemical and microbiological activities within building water systems.Due to factors like widespread water conservation programs or shutdowns resulting from events like the COVID-19 pandemic, water stagnation in these systems can escalate, impacting water temperature.By integrating EPANET-MSX with
This article examines the evolution of central banking in England during the 19th century.Although the Bank of England was, during the period examined in this contribution, a privatelyowned and privileged company, its money market operations (at least from 1873 onward) are always interpreted as the gradual adaption of the duties of a modern Figure